Rockwell was born as Sarah Frances Pearce in Richmond, Virginia, on 25 October 1843 as the daughter of Samuel and Nancy “Mary” Pearce. She had at least three siblings: John, Mary, and Thomas, the latter two of whom died in childhood. Her mother died when she was nine.
During the American Civil War, Rockwell worked as a nurse for wounded soldiers, making her one of the last veterans of the conflict. Following the war’s end, she relocated to Connecticut and met and married Charles Rockwell, with whom she had two daughters, Mary and Lena.
After her husband’s death in 1918, Rockwell lived with her daughter Mary in Danbury, Connecticut. She then moved in with her younger daughter Lena, and lived there for her final years.
Rockwell died in Danbury, Connecticut, on 23 November 1953 at the age of 110 years, 29 days.
At the time of her death, Rockwell was the third-oldest known living person in the United States, and the world, after Nancy Merriman (1841 – 1954) and Betsy Baker (1842 – 1955).