Dolores María Vázquez was born in Natá, Coclé, Panama, on 1 May 1911 to parents José Aeno Vázquez and Genoveva Díaz.
She married José Juventino Martínez in July 1933, with whom she had only one daughter but raised five more (three girls and two boys).
She was described by her family as an exemplary, selfless and very helpful woman. She used to cook in a small pot and fed many people out of altruism. She was also known for being a healer for many people, who when they felt bad came to her for home remedies.
Vázquez currently lives in her hometown of Natá.
On 5 May 2021, her age was validated by the Latin American Supercentenarians (LAS).
On 26 March 2022, following the death of 112-year-old Marcelina Araúz de Maure, she became the oldest known living person in Panama.