Gumberg was born as Sylvia Rosen in Brooklyn, New York on 2 December 1910. Her parents were both Russian immigrants who hailed from modern-day Poland.

In 2022, it was reported that she has been living in Miami, Florida for more than 40 years. She was Jewish.

Gumberg died at the Sterling Aventura Assisted Living Facility in Aventura, Florida on 20 February 2023 at the age of 112 years, 80 days.